Detroit Electric Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer Networks

Presentation Computer security is a well known term utilized in current data age. The term is utilized relentlessly to address issues about security of data frameworks and systems. As the utilization of PC systems increases a lot of acknowledgment in the general public; there is a pressing need to address the security issues of data put away on such systems.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Computer Networks explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Computers with no security strategies or measures can make a system defenseless to dangers, assaults or may even cripple organize exercises in no time. Additionally, it might set aside much exertion and effort to recuperate an undermined asset. Web has given more chances to people, associations and governments. In any case, its effortlessness of access has made it uncertain for protection, recovery and dispersion of data. A few conventions used to ensure security on the web have demonstrated ineffectual; sub sequently instruments to listen in or â€Å"sniff† passwords on the system are frequently misused by malevolent programmers. Applications which communicate decoded passwords over the system are similarly defenseless. Customers and server applications rely upon customer and server software’s to be â€Å"truthful† on issues of client character utilizing their applications. Different applications rely to a great extent upon the customer to confine its tasks to those associated with what it is obliged to do, with restricted or in any case no requirement by the server. To address the previously mentioned issues, Kerberos was seen as an answer. Kerberos is a one of a kind system security instrument which utilizes cryptography. Cryptography component permits a customer to check its personality to the server and the other way around over the unprotected system association. Kerberos is a cutting edge security component which is utilized to defend correspondences happenin g over unreliable system. It accomplishes this through demonstrating the legitimacy of hubs imparting to each other. At the end of the day, it is a PC organize verification convention that works utilizing the fundamental of â€Å"tickets† to utilize PCs imparting over unprotected systems to confirm their uniqueness to each other in an ensured mode. Kaufman et al (1995) offers another meaning of Kerberos. He states that Kerberos may assign a lot of free programming that was distributed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that actualized the Kerberos convention. The essential goal of structuring Kerberos was shielding customer server by giving a shared verification office. That is, both the server and the hub recognize each other’s while communicating.Advertising Looking for report on software engineering? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kerberos messages are secure against replay assaults and spying. T he innovation depends on symmetric key cryptography and requests a confided in outsider. Correspondingly, this security system may utilize an open key cryptography by utilizing hilter kilter key cryptography during the procedure of validation (Kaufman et al, 1995). Kerberos utilizes the symmetric Needham-Schroeder convention. It additionally uses the believed party known as the Key Distribution Center (KDC). The KDC contains two sensibly particular parts, the Ticket Granting Server (TGS), and the Authentication Server (AS). The KDC keeps a database of hidden keys and component on the system whether or not it is a hub or a server. The hub and the server share the private or mystery key known to the KDC and to the hubs and servers. The authenticities of this key go about as evidence of an element’s personality. As indicated by Neuman and Ts’o (1994), for correspondences reasons, the KDC discharges a meeting key which the gatherings imparting utilize to encode the substan ce they are communicating. The security of the Kerberos convention relies completely upon transient statements of legitimacy alluded to as Kerberos Tickets (Neuman and Ts’o, 1994). Components of Kerberos Protocol Tools Kerberos utilizes various kinds of components of system security to achieve or oversee verification between the administrations and clients. These components are significant. Without them, the target of protecting system assets would be unbeneficial. Probably the most significant components are portrayed beneath. Customer and Servers Tickets Client and servers are the essential components of Kerberos. As indicated by Neuman et al (2005), the customer assigns a framework or an individual that needs to get to the system or web empowered administrations. The server then again utilizes the Kerberos validation administration to learn customers have legitimate access to the program or an application they wish. Tickets are valuable in the Kerberos verification adminis tration (Neuman and Ts’o, 1994). They contain data that is fundamental for recognizing the customer to the server. Kerberos scramble the data contained in the pass to guarantee the illicit access isn't permitted. Port A trademark that Kerberos instruments have in all Kerberos framework organization is the port. Kerberos have naturally port 88.This recommends that when specialized devices are created; the passwords, sign on IDs and client IDs need to impart through this port.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Computer Networks explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More If exact mix of passwords and client IDs is confirmed by the verification server, at that point access or sign in is conceded through this port. System organization can thusly offer access to documents, database, projects and messages, among different administrations when they connect the encryption keys with this port. Encryption is a regular component of all Kerberos empowered appa ratuses. Encryption shows anything inputted by a console or read on a document and converted into a coded position. The scrambled message makes it confused, unrecognized or unutilized by any program or individual that isn't allowed to do as such. A progressively critical element of encryption is that no secret phrase is put away in an encoded group. Every encryption calculation utilizes an exact key length that can change a credited decoded secret key that is entered in an encoded one to allow fortified security. Dynamic Directory Trusts and Domains They are Kerberos apparatuses accessible for windows server. It is a graphical interface highlight that Microsoft Corporation has made it accessible for arrange directors. It helps arrange directors in survey all trusted and space connections so they can uphold insurance levels inside these areas. The apparatuses can be utilized for all trusted and related exercises, for example, changing and seeing trusts. Dynamic Directory Computers an d Users They are Microsoft the executives comfort apparatuses which contain the organization instrument pack. The organization apparatus pack utilizes the Kerberos convention. The quality of Active Directory Computers and Users is that they incorporate the capacity of controlling, designing and distributing data from the Active Directory. Every single regulatory job in space controllers that need verification are scrambled. How Kerberos Authentication Works Kerberos succeeds its security activities in different manners. Every action tails each other in progression. The way toward validating starts when a customer PC makes a conventional solicitation to access or utilize the server. The customer demands the confirmation administration to produce a ticket containing customer qualifications and sends the data to the server along with meeting data (Kaufman et al, 1995). The customer and Kerberos utilize the customer data, for example, the secret word to approve the data. The Kerberos at that point communicates an encoded pass to the server with a secret phrase known to the server and Kerberos. Strebe (2002) takes note of the server approves the data to check the source and the personality of the user.Advertising Searching for report on software engineering? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It can likewise utilize the timestamp of the pass to set up the legitimacy of the solicitation. The lifetime of a ticket endures a couple of moments; this is to guarantee the procedure happens in the most limited time workable for security purposes (Bellovin and Merrit, 1990). In seeing how Kerberos accomplishes these jobs, the essayist will list and portrays every parcel that is included among customer and application server and customers and the KDC during the procedure of verification. Stage 1 Authentication Server Request, AS_REQ According to Neuman et al (2005) this stage is known as the underlying validation demand. The customer demands the KDC for a Ticket Granting Ticket. The solicitation, as a message is decoded. Stage 2 Authentication Server Reply, AS_REP When a first solicitation shows up, the AS checks whether the answer contains TGT, which is scrambled with the TGS private key, and the meeting key encoded with the mystery key from the mentioning client (Neuman et al, 200 5). In the event that one of the two keys neglect to exist, a mistake message is presented on the customer, in any case, the AS procedure the answer. The preparing is done utilizing the accompanying arrangement. It haphazardly fixes a meeting key which goes about as a mystery key and offers it with the customer and the TGS It additionally builds up the TGT embeddings the mentioning user’s head, which is the administration head. In conclusion, it makes and dispatches the answer that contains the ticket created before and scrambled utilizing the mystery key for the administration. The timestamp, lifetime, administration head and meeting keys are scrambled utilizing the mystery key named for the client conjuring the administration. Stage 3 Ticket Granting Server Reply, TGS_REP At this stage, the client who is legitimate, and needs to get to the administration in setting however doesn't have a substantial ti

What Is A Health Article Review?

What Is A Health Article Review?Health article review is a practice that is at the base of any website marketing strategy. Without proper article marketing, it is difficult to convince readers to spend more time on the site and eventually convert to sales or sign up for an e-mail list.The health article review strategy is often combined with viral marketing. Viral marketing refers to the use of written materials, to build relationships with people who will then generate an interest in the product. In a similar vein, they help to promote the products and services that are associated with the site.The aim of viral marketing is to make it to the point where someone will be attracted to a product when it is recommended by a reputable company. For instance, if a physician recommends a product, or if a professional company promotes an item, this is something that will resonate with many people. It can also work for different products within a specific industry or niche. For example, the us e of a health article review as a viral marketing strategy can be helpful for holistic health products such as vitamins, minerals, exercise and other products.Since there are so many health related articles and websites on the internet, it can be hard to figure out which ones should be used as part of a health article review strategy. Although there are some guidelines to follow, the true purpose of using a review to market products remains unknown. It is difficult to read and consume all of the information that is available. There are more videos than books, audio lectures and information products available on the internet, thus creating an overwhelming amount of content.Because of this, there are a few ways to create an effective health article review, the best being creating a resource box. This resource box should contain information about the product or service, and it should be posted on the homepage. It is best to have several links in the resource box, for the reader to choo se the one that theyfind most useful.Using an existing site that has hundreds of visitors is good because it will allow you to create a complete review of the products without spending the time to research and create a new review. It is also best to avoid creating duplicate content, or the website will not have the same content as another site. This will help to make the reviewer unbiased.It is important to keep the review brief and not be overly promotional. Readers should be encouraged to visit the site for more information and potential products or services. A short review is good to drive traffic to the site. When readers visit the site, they should leave a testimonial about their experience and should also be given a link to contact the author for more information.The health article review is a valuable method of promoting the products and services on a website. It is also a good way to increase traffic to the site. Using this strategy on a site that is informative and interest ing is what will make a quality product stand out from the rest.

Powers of Base Ten From Trillions to Trillionths

What do you call different powers of ten and what are their values? It can be confusing when you read about billions, and then suddenly shift to billionths. Lets take a look at the values and names of the powers of ten. What Does a Power Mean? Exponents and ScientificNotation Raising a number to a power means that you multiply it by itself. The number itself would be that number to the power of one. When you multiply it by itself, it is now that number to the power of two. The power is designated as an exponent with a small superscript number following the number itself. Ten is an easy number to visualize with powers, as you can think of the exponent number as being the number of zeros to put behind the one. Ten to the zero power is 10 divided by 10, or 1 with no zeroes behind it, which equals one. Ten to the second power is a 1 followed by two zeroes, or 100. When you divide a number by itself more than once, the power (or exponent) value is negative. A -1 power means you have divided a number by itself twice (10/10/10) and a -2 power means you have divided a number by itself three times (10/10/10/10). In the case of 10, since 10 to the zero power is one, it is easier to think of one being divided 10 in the increments shown in the exponent. Powers of Ten Trillions 1012 1,000,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000,000 Billions 109 1,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000 Millions 106 1,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000 Hundred Thousands 105 100,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 100,000 Ten Thousands 104 10,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 10,000 Thousands 103 1,00010 x 10 x 10 1,000 Hundreds 102 10010 x 10 100 Tens 101 10 Ones 100 1 Tenths 10-1 1/1 1 1/101/10 0.1 Hundredths 10-2 1/102 1/1001/10/10 0.01 Thousandths 10-3 1/103Â   1/10001 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.001 Ten Thousandths 10-4 1/104 1/10,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.0001 Hundred Thousandths 10-5 1/105 1/100,0001 /10 /10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.00001 Millionths 10-6 1/106 1/1,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000001 Billionths 10-9 1/109 1/1,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 Trillionths 10-12 1/1012 1/1,000,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 See more names of numbers that are powers of ten, including the octillion, googol, and googolplex. Lessons With Powers of Ten Powers of Ten Multiplication Worksheets: See worksheets you can use to practice multiplying two- and three-digit numbers by different powers of ten. These seven worksheet variations can be used to practice multiplication. Each sheet has 20 numbers and asks you to multiply them by 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 or 100,000. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

California s Statutory Prohibit Marriage - 949 Words

QUESTION PRESENTED 1) Whether California’s statutory prohibit marriage between two persons of the same sex violate the California Constitution by denying equal protection of laws to gay, bi-sexual, lesbians and transgender a right to marry, or by denying the right to privacy and freedom of expression? BRIEF ANSWER No. Because the Constitution was written for a man and a woman to marry based on religion and would be a direct violation of what we have been taught all of our lives. Such a profound change would cause the institutions to teach in a â€Å"new† form with a democratic process. FACTS On June 4, 2008, the plaintiffs in this case include fifteen same-sex couples who wish to marry in California and support groups for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered Californians. They were denied many times; however, now before the California Supreme Court, they argue that â€Å"California has long led the nation in recognizing that constitutional provisions guaranteeing equal protection, privacy, due process and freedom of association and expression require that lesbian and gay people, like all people, be treated fairly under the law.† Nonetheless these protections, California has denied same-sex couples the right to marry. That denial, they argue, violates the California Constitution. DISCUSSION In this proceeding, the trial court ruled in favor of plaintiffs which were a devastating blow to the Constitution. 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Chemotherapy Essay Example For Students

Chemotherapy Essay Chemotherapy: The treatment of disease with drugs that directly poison the diseased organism. Most often referred to for cancer treatment, where powerful drugs with potentially sever side effects are used to eliminate or contain the spread of tumors. In treating physical diseases, probably the most common form of therapy in Western medicine is chemotherapy, or drug therapy. Some physical conditions, where chemotherapy is not the best option, can be corrected through surgery while others may be effectively treated by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is frequently used in the treatment of cancer, often in combination with surgical treatment and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy uses powerful anticancer drugs that travel through the bloodstream, making it potentially useful for cancers that have spread. There about 50 different chemotherapeutic drugs that combat cancer, generally administering more than one drug at a time because the drugs are more powerful when combined. The drugs can be taken oral ly or injected into the bloodstream. They interfere with cancer cells ability to make new DNA or let DNA reproduce properly. Which combinations of chemotherapy drugs the patient will receive is based on what the patients doctor thinks will work best for them. The decision depends on what kind of cancer they have, where it is, the extent of its growth, how it is affecting their normal body functions, and their general health. The doctor also may suggest that they join a clinical trial for chemotherapy. Clinical trials are carefully designed research studies that test promising new cancer treatments. Patients who take part in research may be the first to benefit from improved treatment methods. These patients also can make an important contribution to medical care because the results of the studies may help many people and help scientists learn more about chemotherapy and its possibilities. As stated, one of the most common treatments for cancer is chemotherapy, and since it kills some normal cells at the same time that it can kill cancerous ones, it has the ability to cause many side effects. These side effects are often very serious. Some side effects of chemotherapy are:Your immune system could weaken immensely, which would cause you to be very susceptible to infection and other diseasesInsufficient oxygen in the blood (anemia)Sometimes tumors develop a resistance to certain drugs after exposure to it j ust once, and when this happens there could quite possibly be no drugs effective against this tumor. Some side effects go away fairly rapidly, others take months or years to disappear completely. Sometimes the side effects can last a lifetime, as when chemotherapy causes permanent damage to the heart, lungs, kidneys, or reproductive organs. Certain types of chemotherapy occasionally may cause delayed effects, such as a second cancer, that show up many years later. Patients sometimes do not know that side effects tell very little about whether or not their chemotherapy is working. Sometimes people think that if they dont have side effects, the drugs arent working, or that, if they do have side effects, the drugs are working well. The truth is that side effects vary so much from person to person, and from drug to drug, that having them or not having them usually isnt a sign of whether the treatment is effective. Normal cells grow and die in a controlled way. But cancer occurs when cells become abnormal and keep dividing and forming more cells without control or order. Anticancer drugs destroy cancer cells by stopping them from growing or multiplying at one or more points in their life cycle. Because some drugs work better together than alone, chemotherapy often may consist of more than one drug. This is called combination chemotherapy. If doctors determine that chemotherapy alone is not likely to be successful or if patients relapse after chemot herapy, stem cell transplantation may be performed. Very intensive body radiation or very high doses of chemotherapy or both are used. Chemotherapy is designed to destroy all the leukemic cells in a patients body, but also destroys the blood-forming system in the patients bone marrow. Chemotherapy can be used as a CURE for a disease or as a treatment that is palliative, or a Treatment that is for helping the patient to be as comfortable as possible for as long as possible because a cure is not an option. Most people are able to continue working while they are being treated with anticancer drugs. It may be possible to schedule treatments late in the day or right before the weekend, so they dont interfere with the patients occupation, schooling, etc. Since one of the side effects of chemotherapy is fatigue, sticking to their routine schedule might pose a problem. Under Federal and state laws, some employers may be required to allow the chemotherapy patient to work a flexible schedule to meet their treatment needs. How often and how long you get chemotherapy depends on the kind of cancer you have, the goals of the treatment, the drugs that are used, and how your body responds to them. You may get chemotherapy every day, every week, or every month. Chemotherapy is often given in on-and-off cycles that include rest periods so that your body has a chance to build healthy new cells and regain its strength. The patients doctor should be able to estimate how long they will be getting chemotherapy. Independent Man1 EssayTherapeutic radiology uses high-energy particles or waves, such as X rays or gamma rays. This focuses damaging radiation on the region of a tumor, inflicting genetic damage that can kill cancerous cells. Radiotherapy damages rapidly splitting cells. Usually damaging cancer cells but sometimes just getting the ones that are healthy yet produce quickly. There are many side effects to radiation therapy like chemotherapy:The decrease in white cells, which are the cells that help protect the body against infection, is what causes the weakening of the immune system. Short doses of radiation therapy, can minimize these side effects. The total dosage the patient receives is based on the size, location and type of cancer infecting the patient. Patients will usually receive radiotherapy five days a week for five weeks. A weekend break allows the normal cells to recover. Radiation can destroy microscopic cancer cells that have moved into surrounding tissues, unlike surge ry. For example, a patient with cancer to the spine undergoes radiation treatment. In his radiotherapy procedure, the radioisotope cobalt 60 is used as the source of gamma radiation. The high dose is used by laser targeting a localized area. For those who are older, radiation is sometimes the better choice because some individuals may find it difficult to recover from a major surgery. Radiation might also be used to shrink the tumor in preparation for a more feasible surgery, or radiation could be used following surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation may coincide as well, as could all three. At certain times, that is the case. Like surgery and chemotherapy, radiation is used to sometimes relieve pain a discomfort when a cure is not probable. As a treatment for disease, there are many other methods that could be used as a substitute to drug therapy. Alternative medicine, other types of therapeutic methods drawn from non-Western traditions, include such techniques as:Immunotherapy is als o used and it is when the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against specific invaders of the system, or the use of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are those that are genetically engineered and target specific cancer cells. Nuclear Medicine is when radioactive substances, combined with imaging techniques are used to diagnose and treat injuries or diseases. Cancer can be treated using Nuclear medicine. It is noted for being pain-free as well as safer and much more cost effective that many other treatments, like surgery or chemotherapy. Chemotherapy proves to be very effective in different types and stages of cancer. Although it can be used on its own, it proves to work better when combined with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy does not work any less then radiotherapy or surgery, it works differently. Its use is to directly poison the diseased organism and save an individuals life. Bibliography:

Sales managers roles free essay sample

Question 1 (a) The 3 main roles that a sales manager should perform are listed as below: 1. Manage customer relationships 2. Serve as customer consultants 3. Manage the hybrid sales force Sales managers should firstly, continuously achieve a conversation with his or her customer, provide customized service and recommendations to them in order to increase customer retention. Secondly, sales managers should build ongoing relationships and profitable partnerships with his or her customers. He or she should also act as a consultancy role towards the sales team, encouraging them to provide ore than Just selling to their customers, and always give personalized advice to them. Sales managers should also manage the sales force, which includes external agents and salespeople to ensure the success of the team. It is obvious in that Ian has proven to be a super salesperson due to his experiences and innovative ideas. He is very dedicated to his team as he wants to show them how best to approach customers and negotiate sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales managers roles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He practically spends at least one day a month with his salespeople. However, from various feedbacks given by his team of salespeople, he might not be s competent when it comes to coaching them and providing them with guidance. The complaint received from the Singapore and Malaysia salespeople are that Ian has been spending so much time with them. On days when Ian spends with them to provide coaching tips and feedback, he did otherwise. Ian even went to the extent of accompanying the salesperson at sales presentations to review their performance on the spot and give comments when he thinks there is a need to. He would take over when he is dissatisfied with their presentation to the customers. His salespeople said hat this has led to some confusion in his customers, which might in turn affect the companys image in the long run. One of the salesperson had his potential customers doubt him, asking why Ian was not satisfied with his performance. This has affected his credibility towards his customers, as well as his image as a salesperson. It is important to manage the relationships with the customers, as well as provide a consultancy role when they require so. For Ian, he is obviously lacking in the role of managing his hybrid sales force. With his received complaint, he is not managing the ales force, but taking over their roles when he thinks that their presentation is not up to his expectation. He should train his salespeople with the right skills and help them improve consistently to clinch deals with the clients. Instead of doing so, he takes over and present on the salespeoples Bengal. From their perception, it them and presents an incapable image in front of their clients. Nans current performance will lead to poor company image and reputation in the long run. Taking for example, the salespeople are not able to maximize their potential under Nans coaching, they would prefer to either request for a change of sales anger, or they would change company. Ian should be treating his salespeople as empowered equal and provide his salespeople with motivation to work and continuously strive better. Question 1 (b) With the current sales organization structure, the sales team is able to work better with it structured along product lines rather than geographically. Having said this, there are still several advantages and disadvantages towards this department structure. Geographical sales structure refers to the selling according to the different location of countries and places. This meaner that, according to the culture and demand tatters of a certain area, the company provides the products accordingly and comes up with strategies to attract customers and in turn increase the product demands. Product lines structure meaner that the company focuses on the products they offer, equip the salespeople with the knowledge of the products, and personalize the products according to the needs and wants to the customers. As mentioned, firstly, the salesperson finds out the needs and wants of the customers. With their vast knowledge of the products the company offers, they are able to suggest the right product to the customer, to fit their demand. By having the product line structure, they are then able to focus on the product that they are selling, and easily set their own targets and objectives for personal achievements and selling quota. An additional benefit is that, should they need certain information about the product they are selling or suggesting, the company would be able to provide it to the salesperson without worrying that the information is not reliable or wrong. With the product line structure, it is also easier for the sales team to have a better knowledge of the company as a whole, and most importantly the products they are selling. When a salesperson is fully knowledgeable on the products the company provides, this raises their morale and confidence level when they do sales presentations and explanations to their customers. If it is based on a geographical structure, the sales team will not be able to fully understand what they need to focus on, and most importantly, they are not able to acquire the information they need from the company unless they perform their own research. Nevertheless, this product line structure has also its disadvantages too. From a companys point tot view, due to the deterrent products being tottered, this would b very competitive environment. The different divisions would be fighting for the companys resources and this might lead to some unpleasant situations in the company where conflicts occur between the different divisions. This is especially important when the different product lines need to work together for bundling or several promotions to increase profits for the company. Due to the conflicts between each division, they might not be willing to work with each other, and thus causing the companys productivity to decrease. When this is compared to geographical structure, the products divisions can work gather to think of common strategies to fit products to the customers in the geographic location. The competition is lesser as product divisions have to work together to achieve a common goal. As the current product line sales structure is suitable to the profile of the salespeople as they have already been used to the structure and habits of selling to the customers, there seems to be no need to have a change of structure since the salespeople are doing well. However, as time changes and consumers preferences shifts overtime, there is a need to change the structure to improve the companys productivity and maximize he potential of the salespeople. With their vast knowledge of the products, they could now focus on understanding the different geographical locations they want to focus on, and then sell according to the needs and wants based on their research. This would in turn benefit the company in the long run, as customers would view it as the understanding of their lifestyle and habits before introducing any products to them, which seems to be personalized service provided to the customers. The company could also be achieving larger market share of the specific geographical actions, and it would help the company to expand to the other markets in the future. In addition, there would be a better chance of success when the company releases a new product which would be largely based on the understanding of the lifestyle and habits of the geographic location. Thus, the suggestion for the company right now is to have a change of sales structure for the company to gain larger market share, as well as maximizing the salespeoples potential to sell and understand the customers profile. Question 2 (a) INTRODUCTION WALL values each salesperson in the company. The human touch point when sales are closed with prospects remains the priority of the company. WALL has embarked onto Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system for the past 8 months. WALL would like to emphasis that CRM system is not Just an IT application but rather is a system that allows each of us to better understand the needs of our customers and their purchasing behavior. These will allow us to build a stronger relationship with the customers. In the following presentation, benefits of the CRM system will be shared with the aim to bring WALL and sales team to greater heights by optimizing the M system. WHAT IS CRM? CRM is a systematic integration of information technology and human resources designed to provide maximum value to customers and to obtain maximum value from customers (Hair, Anderson, Meta, Fabian, 2010). It is essential for WALL to embark on the new Journey of CRM system as our business portfolio continues to grow. Our company and salesperson will need real-time information of our clients and prospects. Using real-time information will allow a better understanding of the needs of our customers in an individual way. The needs of our customers can be rather segmented to provide a more efficient and productive meaner of managing our customers. This leads to salesperson able to target the correct group of customers and serve them individually based on a one-to-one marketing strategy. BENEFITS OF CRM One-stop Solution. CRM tracks the interest and activities of our current customers. When these activities are keyed into the CRM system, it allows information to be shared between various sales departments such as the distribution sales department, the accessories sales department and the software sales department. This provides a one-stop solution to our customers. For example, when a customer purchases our English software, he may require a particular accessory to assist him in operating the software. With this information, the salesperson will be able to value-add by promoting the accessory to the client and not reacting to source for the product when the customer asked for. This value-added service will definitely retain existing customer as it builds upon trust and relationship between the salesperson and the customers. Selection of Prospects. CRM also allow salesperson to focus his resources to the right prospect at the right time. Customer database of many salesperson grow each day and it becomes hard for individual person to monitor our customers. The dashboard in CRM provides a glance of information such as the probability and purchasing power of each client. These information and historic trending enables salesperson to better time and anticipate the needs of our customers. For example, in WALL, we will be able to monitor and target institutions that require upgrading of their computer system by analyzing the last upgrade by the institution versus the need of the institution to provide technological education to its students, such as Eng distance learning. Selection of prospects not only allows better time management for salesperson, it also enhances the probability of a close sale and facilitate in identifying larger and smaller prospects. Referral of Prospect. Better relationship not only increases commission sales of salesperson, it also increases the chance of referral from a satisfied customer. Through words of mouth, salesperson will be able to clinch new prospects and thus expanding its customer base. CONCLUSION CRM not only optimizes profit and increase revenue for WALL and its salesperson, it also enhances customers satisfaction. CRM enable salesperson to provide value- added service by understanding the needs of customers. Promoting relevant products or services to our customers that saves resources for both customers and salesperson. These benefits allow WALL to better manage its customer base and increase the customer loyalty and retention. Question 2 (b) IMPLEMENTATION OF CRM SYSTEM As mentioned earlier, CRM system does not replace the need for salesperson in WALL, but rather enhances the salesperson ability to sell more to the right prospects at the right time. For CRM to be successfully implemented, sales managers will have to fully support the system and believe that the system will work. This will require the sales managers to first lead and subsequently influence salesperson to use and practice the system. Trust in the system will definitely change the company culture to greater heights. Cultural Change. CRM system is a customer-centric approach that requires all in WALL to be committed. Sales managers of various departments will need to be open with the providing information into the CRM system. Through cross-feeding of information, it will allow a holistic collation of information to serve our customers. This information will then provide relevant information for salesperson to analyses the needs of our customers. Training and Education. To understand the potential of CRM system, proper training will be needed for both the sales managers and salesperson. Areas such as using different fields to extract relevant information will need to be trained. Through training and education, sales managers and salesperson will be able to leverage on technology to see the future and optimism the system as a force-multiplier facilitate utter management and sales. Creating Value for Customers. Sales managers are the links between WALL and customers and hence will need to allocate resources on identified profitable customers based on the knowledge of product. While the salesperson not only create sales but rather provide value-added service to solve the customers problem. The salesperson will need to understand each customer and provide greater flexibility in enhancing customers satisfactions. This approach enhances the professionalism of our salesperson and increases Walls creditability that will draw Eng term relationship with our customers. Change tot Sales Process. Management will need to review the sales processes such as allowing salesperson to hunt freely for their prospect in the database, if the prospect is not engaged within a specific period (Graff, 2011). This will encourage salesperson in using the system more religiously to gain sales commission. Creating Database in CRM. For successful implementation of CRM system, the WALL will require high-technology solutions for electronic storage of data and processing data. Salesperson that are the direct interface with customers will need to solicit elevate information from customers such as problem faced and future development. These information will allow sales manager to analyses the needs and develop relevant approaches to satisfy the problem of customers. Conclusion The success of CRM implementation will need to be top-down approach. Management level will need to walk-the-talk in order to influence change for salesperson to follow. Sales processes can be refined to entice the use of CRM in WALL. With the successful implementation, CRM system will provide sale force an excellence meaner to enhance sales of WALL. Question 3 (a) The selling process refers to the complete set of steps that must take place in order to execute a sales transaction from start to finish (Webzines, 2013). There are seven stages in the selling process and they are best depicted as a continuous cycle or wheel of over lapping stages. Once the wheel is set in motion, it continues to rotate from one stage to the next. As it reaches the last stage, the cycle will repeat again because the sales persons follow up can generate repeat sales. Stage 1 Prospecting and qualifying Prospecting is the method by which salespeople search for new customers and attention customers. One obvious reason for prospecting is to expand the customer base, which is important because most sales organizations lose customers every year. Prospecting requires salespeople to first obtain leads. A lead is basically the name and address or telephone number of a person or organization potentially needing the companys products or services. Before considering a lead to be a valid prospect, the sales person must qualify it in terms of need or want, authority to buy, money to buy and eligibility to buy. Stage 2 Planning the sales call: the Approach The pre-approach step includes all post prospecting activities prior to the actual visit with a prospect. These include doing research on the prospect, familiarizing with the customers needs, reviewing previous correspondence, and pulling together any other new and relevant material that might be appropriate for bringing to the sales Stage 3 Approaching the prospect The approach usually takes the first minute or minutes of a sale. It consists of the strategies and tactics employed by salespeople when gaining an audience and establishing initial rapport with the customer. The approach includes opening small elk, the handshake, eye contact, and generally making a good initial impression. Successful salespeople often set a primary objective (targeted outcome), a minimal objective (lowest acceptable outcome), and an optimal objective (best possible outcome) before approaching the prospect. Stage 4 Making the sales presentation and demonstration The presentation is the main body of the sales call and should occur after the salesperson has predetermined the needs of the customer. This step can be one presentation or multiple presentations over a period of time. Goals for the sales presentation will vary. First-time buyers must get sufficient information to adequately understand the products benefits, which may be facilitated by building the presentation around a product demonstration. Selling points and attributes are visualized and built around a call agenda or sales proposal. This step can be complex, and preparation is essential. Stage 5 Negotiating sales resistance and objections Objections can be broadly defined as customer questions and hesitance about the product or company. Salespeople should expect that objections would be encountered in every sales presentation. A number of reasons exist for objections, and despite the fact that objections can delay the sales process, for the most part they should be perceived in a positive sense as useful. This is because by revealing objections, true buyer needs can be uncovered. Sales resistance can consist of either valid or invalid objections, and salespeople need to recognize each type in negotiating with prospects. Stage 6 Confirming and closing the sales The close is defined as the successful completion of the sales presentation culminating in a commitment to buy the good or service. Once any objections have en successfully overcome, the salesperson must actually ask for the business and thus begin the process of closing the sale. Stage 7 Following up and servicing the account After the prospect accept an order, the salesperson will follow up to make sure the prospect is happy with the product or service and that everything that was promised is being delivered. Ian should not have the idea of spending less time on prospecting and qualifying prospects, as it is the foundation of sales. Finding leads is the most vital part of the selling process because WALL cant make a sale without identity yang the people to whom theyll be selling. In other words, without prospecting, nothing else can happen. Prospecting doesnt happen Just once; its a constant process. WALL lose some customers every year for a variety of reasons: customers may no longer need the product or service, have the financial meaner to purchase the product or service, or live or do business in the area, or the business may no longer be open. So if WALL havent been building its prospect list, they wont have new customers to replace the ones they lose. More than this, finding new prospects is the only way WALL can increase their sales and expand the business. Question 3 (b) Sales presentation is refer as a formal and pre-arranged meeting where a salesperson or a sales team presents detailed information about a product or service (Webzines, 2013). There are six different sales presentation strategies salesperson can adopt. 1) Stimulus Response Stimulus response is an approach to selling which relies on the salespersons ability to say the right thing (stimulus) in order to obtain a favorable reaction from the buyer (Salespeople, 2013). The advantages of stimulus response is that the sausages to the buyers can be structured in a logical order. Questions and objections from the buyers can usually be anticipated and addressed before they are magnified during buyer-seller interaction. However, the limitations of stimulus response methods can be severe, especially if the salesperson is dealing with a professional buyer. Most buyers like to take an active role in sales dialogue, and the stimulus response approach calls for the salesperson to dominate the flow of the conversation. The lack of flexibility in this approach is also a disadvantage. Stimulus espouse is most suitable for relatively unimportant purchase decisions, when time is limited and when professional buyers are not involved. 2) Formula Formula approach assumes that the buying process for most buyers is essentially identical and the buyers can be led through certain mental states, or steps, in the buying process by using the appropriate sales messages. These mental states are typically referred to as AID (attention, interest, desire, and action). The positive feature of this approach is that it led the prospect towards purchase action one-step at a time. The down side of this approach is that the prospect may find the presentation too mechanical and it is a salesperson-oriented rather than a customer- oriented method. In an effort to move the prospect from one mental state to the next, the salesperson has a tendency to dominate the interview, and the customer may have little chance to participate. Little attention is paid to variations in needs or circumstances among customers. ) Need Satisfaction Need satisfaction selling is based on the notion that the customer is buying to satisfy a particular need or set of needs. This approach focuses on the prospects needs. The salesperson will use a questioning, probing tactic to uncover the prospects needs. Only after relevant needs have been established, the salesperson begins to relate how his or her offering can satisfy these needs. One major advantage of the need- satisfaction app roach is that it is customer-oriented and flexible. Proponents of this approach contend that it provides the basis for a friendly buyer-seller relationship with two-way communication. The limitation to this approach is that it demands highly qualified sales personnel who have an excellent understanding of their potential customers. They must have the training and experience to adjust their selling methods to the needs and concerns of each individual prospect. Also, this approach requires a great deal of time for the salesperson to become familiar with the prospect. Consequently, it is an expensive method, and it should be used when the value of the potential sales Justifies the expense. 4) Consultative Problem Solving Problem-solving selling is an extension of need satisfaction selling. Under the problem-solving method, however, the salesperson goes one step further to help the prospect identify several alternative solutions, analyses their advantages and sedateness, and select the one best solution. The sales person completely deemphasizes the product offering, and concentrates on providing, expert advice to the prospect much like a true business consultant. The primary objective is to form long-term relationships with customers in which the sales representative is seen as a trusted source of technical information and advice. As with the need-satisfaction approach, the problem-solution method requires extremely competent, well-trained, and experienced sales representatives. It also requires that the salesperson spend a great deal of time with each prospect. Consequently, it is a very expensive selling method. 5) Depth Selling Depth selling involves the salesperson to employs a skillful mix of several sales presentation methods. This customized mix approach combines the best features of several sales presentation. However, this will required salesperson with exceptional skill and experience to execute this approach. ) Team Selling Team selling refers to a group of individuals from different companys department working towards a common sales goal. Team selling enable the company to achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction, better time management and higher integration of accounts. The pitfall of this approach includes: non-sales people may create confusion with the customer, there are multiple agendas from various departments and conflicting corporate objectives. Walls sales department is organized into 3 business units. The first business unit assembles and distributes computers to institutions . The second business unit distributes computer accessories to retailers and the third business unit sells English Language software testing program to institutions. Consultative problem solving presentation strategy will be appropriated for the first cuisines unit. This business unit is WALL main core business and have high budget and time for customers in this business unit. WALL needs to understands and solve the problems of these customers. Furthermore, WALL needs to forge a trustful, consultative relationship with the customers. In this way, WALL can keep away the competitors from their customers. Once a long run trusting relationship is established, WALL can also introduce their computer accessories and English software to this pool of customers. For the second business unit, WALL can implement need satisfaction strategy. As WALL has a wide range of computer accessories that distributes to different retailers, it is important for WALL to understand what each retailers needs. From there, WALL can advise the retailers which products or promotions are suitable for them. Consultative problem solving presentation strategy will be suitable for the third business unit. Like the first business unit, much focus is on the customer. As this is a new business unit, WALL should spend time to understand the needs of the customers so they can understand the market better and keep them ahead from the competitors. Question 3 (c) Sales training takes human inputs and develops them into successful productive members of a marketing team. Sales training development process is the process of designing and implementing a sales training program that begins with analyzing needs, setting objectives, developing program content, determining delivery, preparing, motivating, reinforcing and evaluating. 1) Conduct a Training Needs Assessment Managers should review trainees background and experience to identify the gaps between their qualifications and the Job requirement. Managers then can customize the training program base on the development of each salesperson. Determine training objectives The next step is to set the training objectives. A good training program should focus on the performance objective rather than learning objectives. In this way, salespeople are able to achieve successful results from training. 3) Determine training programmer content There are two types of training programmer a) Initial sales training programmer designed for newly hired salespeople, it is comprehensive and usually last three to six month s. B) Continuing sales training programmer designed for experienced salespeople, these programmer are shorter,

Stroop Lab Report Essays

Stroop Lab Report Essays Stroop Lab Report Paper Stroop Lab Report Paper The word Blue when presented in blue ink, on the other hand is an example of a congruent-colored word. Because the left hemisphere has demonstrated an overall advantage relative to the right hemisphere on most verbal tasks, interference effects were hypothesized to be greater in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere (Balancer Camino, 2002). Numerous studies have been made in hope to fully understand the Strop effect, yet several issues remain open. The primary purpose of this duty was to determine whether the Strop phenomenon is equally strong in both brain hemispheres. Participants collected from our research methods lab were asked to complete an online experiment measuring the time of interference it took them to depict the color of the ink of the color-words. Furthermore, each color was assigned a number. For example, the ink color red was represented by the number two. The color words were also randomly presented in the center, left, and right of the screen to measure our hypothesis, which stated that incongruent words presented to the left hemisphere exhibit greater Strop effect than when they are presented to the right hemisphere. Along with our second hypothesis stating that there is greater interference (Strop effect) when color words are incongruent with their presentation color. The Strop effect can be denoted through the time of interference that it takes to name the ink color of a word, varying in word position and word color. Several accounts have been made to explain the Strop effect. In Manacles model of the Strop there is a slight into that hemispheric effects might be present; in theory, hemispheric effects are expected to be superior in the left hemisphere. Methods Participants A total of 87 subjects (76 Female, 11 Male), drawn from students in two research method labs, took part in a mufti-experiment study and were given course credit as compensation. Independent variables that were tested include: L Congruent vs Non-congruent c Left-presentation vs Centered-presentation vs Right-presentation c Input method: Keypad (37 participants, lab 1) vs Keyboard (50 participants, lab 2) The pendent variable that was measured in the study was reaction time. Procedure Research participants were to complete at least 72 trials. Each trial measured the time of interference it took them to depict the color of the ink of the color-words. Furthermore, each color was assigned a number. For example, the ink color red was represented by the number two. Each trial began with a plus sign, serving as a focal point on the computer screen. Research participants were to press a key when they were ready for a word to be presented. Following the key press was random delay of about 1 to 4 seconds before the word appears. Words then appeared written vertically on the screen for a fixed time. Four color words were used: red, blue, green and yellow. Words were randomly printed in a word-color congruent form or non-congruent form appearing at any of three positions (left, center, and right).

Marjorie Joyner and the Wave Machine

Marjorie Joyner and the Wave Machine An employee of  Madame Walkers  empire, Majorie Joyner invented a permanent wave machine. This device, patented in 1928, curled or permed womens hair for a relatively lengthy period of time. The wave machine was popular among women white and black allowing for longer-lasting wavy hair styles. Joyner went on to become a prominent figure in Walkers industry. Early Years Joyner was born in 1896 in the rural Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia and moved in 1912 to Chicago to go to school study cosmetology.   She was the granddaughter of a white slave owner and a slave. Joyner graduated from A.B. Molar Beauty School in Chicago in 1916. She was the first  African-American  to achieve this. At the beauty school, she  met  Madame C. J. Walker, an African-American beauty entrepreneur who owned a cosmetic empire. Always an advocate of beauty for women, Joyner went to work for Walker and oversaw 200 of her beauty schools, working as the national adviser. One of her major duties was sending Walkers hair stylists door-to-door, dressed in black skirts and white blouses with black satchels, containing a range of beauty products that were applied  in  the customers house. Joyner taught some 15,000 stylists over her 50-year career.   Wave Machine Joyner was also a leader in developing new products, such as her permanent wave machine. She  invented her wave machine as a solution to the hair problems of African-American women. Joyner took her inspiration from a pot roast. She cooked with paper pins to shorten prep time. She experimented initially with these paper rods and soon designed a table that could be used to curl or straighten hair by wrapping it on rods above the persons head and then cooking them to set the hair. Using this method, hairstyles would last several days. Joyners design was popular in  salons  with both African-American and white women. Joyner never profited  from  her invention, however, because Madame Walker owned the rights.  In 1987, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington opened an exhibit featuring Joyners permanent wave machine and a replica of her original salon.   Other Contributions Joyner also helped write the first cosmetology laws for the state of  Illinois,  and founded both a sorority and a national association for black beauticians. Joyner was friends with Eleanor  Roosevelt,  and helped found the  National Council of Negro Women. She was an advisor to the Democratic National Committee in the   1940s,  and advised several New Deal agencies trying to reach out to black women. Joyner was highly visible in the Chicago black community, as head of the  Chicago Defender  Charity network, and fundraiser for various schools.   Together with Mary Bethune Mcleod, Joyner founded the United Beauty School Owners and Teachers Association.  In 1973, at the age of 77, she was awarded a bachelors degree in psychology from  Bethune-Cookman College  in  Daytona Beach, Florida. Joyner also volunteered for several charities that helped house, educate, and find work for African Americans during the Great Depression.

Analysis of Professional Development Plan Research Paper

Analysis of Professional Development Plan - Research Paper Example This paper entails a critical analysis of professional development plan being followed by Jamestown Public School and its detailed comparison with plans developed by other few district schools. Critical evaluation This plan is intended to generate certain planned outcomes such as assisting students in making radical progress in yearly academic curriculums and triggering improvements in students’ reading and mathematical abilities. This in turn shall be influenced by enhancing skills and knowledge of teachers and nurturing them personally and professionally. Thus, the district uses extensive amount of data, collected from several assessment tests taken by students, to evaluate achievements of students, and utilizes information pertaining to teachers, collected through different surveying tools, to identify their needs for professional training and continuing education. These collection methods are very effective as this vital information is helpful in shaping objectives of the plan. One of the essential achievements of this plan is the participation of the entire faculty members in training sessions that enable them to develop coaching and mentoring tactics. This plan is also fruitful as it lays great emphasis on integrating technology into teaching methods so that the tutors stay updated with the latest technologies being globally adopted in educational fields. This plan covers a timeline of one complete year and schedules various constructive activities for teachers’ continuous development including training sessions on instructional techniques and workshops on best global practices. It is mandatory for all teachers to establish atleast one professional goal per annum that they shall achieve during the year. The district has allocated 5 days per year per certified teacher for professional development sessions, which seems inadequate for covering all aspects of development including reading, mathematics and technology. Financial aid for the plan s tems from three different sources including Federal Title IA, Title IIA and general funding. District hires various mentors and specialists to conduct workshops sessions and train teachers on modern teaching methodologies. A very useful scheme has been recently launched by the district whereby teachers have opportunities to spend one complete year with the specialized mentors to grow professionally. The plan, on the whole, is highly effective as it presents some valuable goals and strategies (North Dakota Professional Development Plan, 2013). Comparative analysis We also consider another development prepared by Maryland State Board of Education which primarily focuses on enhancing students’ learning, fulfilling teachers’ needs and complying with Maryland Teacher Professional Development Standards. Although, the objectives are similar to Jamestown’s, this plan highlights a pivotal point that the trainings must be tailored according to differing needs and intellec tual levels of teachers. A generalized training session becomes source of demoralization, frustration and wastage of resources as in the case of Jamestown. This plan emphasizes on developing analytical skills of teachers rather than instructional and communication proficiencies. While North Dakota has to offer a highly effective mentoring program for its teachers, Maryland only has generally accepted standards to follow and a state-approved curriculum that could be voluntarily

You are required to compar and contrast qualitative and quantitative Essay

You are required to compar and contrast qualitative and quantitative research methods - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion and analysis will be beneficial with respect to providing a basis through which the reader can more effectively comprehend the differential between these two and seek to apply the approach that suits their needs and research goals to the highest degree. Finally, the two different research methods themselves will be illustrated by a short analysis and review of respective articles that illustrate how they can be leveraged within the field of nursing practice and inquiry. Firstly, before delving into the nuances and differentials the these two forms of research and methodologies, a discussion and analysis of the definitions of both qualitative and quantitative research will be performed. As such, qualitative research is ultimately a site exploratory research. As such, is often used to help understand or to find underlying reasons, motivations, or opinions with regard to specific topic. Moreover, it helps to generate insights into the specific issue and help to develop ideas or answers/hypotheses or further quantitative research as such, qualitative research oftentimes forms an introductory level of scope and analysis which further researchers can then focus on specific details or attributes of a given issue as a means of seeking to draw inference. Further, by providing trends and delving deeper into issues, qualitative research performs functions quite unlike quantitative research in that it can construct models of understanding concerning human feel ings, emotions, reactions, and thoughts. Whereas it is true that quantitative research can perform many of these same functions, the underlying nuances and differentials that it is oftentimes able to capture are greatly reduced as compared to qualitative research. Whereas an exhaustive listing of qualitative research methods is not

Sound the Jubilee :: Essays Papers

Sound the Jubilee Slaves lived terrible lives; always being told what to do and how to live, what to eat and who to converse with. But what if all that could change? What if slaves could be free to live their own lives? That’s what Sandra Forrester writes about, in the book Sound the Jubilee. The main characters in the book are Maddie, a young slave girl, and her family, Titus, Ella, Angeline, and Pride. Titus is a sweet, strong, loving father; Ella is a kind, firm, loving mother; Angeline is Maddie’s older sister, who always does everything perfectly; and Pride is Maddie’s unhealthy baby brother. The setting is during the Civil War, from 1861-1865 at River Bend Plantation, Nags Head, and Roanoke Island. Maddie and her family are house slaves on a North Carolina plantation; their problem is how to get to freedom. The solution? When she and her family are sent with their mistress to Roanoke Island because of invading Yankees, they run for freedom. Once the Yankees take over the island, the government gives aid to all the runaway slaves and provides them with jobs and the resources to start new lives. I think the author shows how the season changes very clearly throughout the book. For example, when summer came to Roanoke Island it was stated clearly at the beginning of the chapter, (pg 92, paragraph 1). Or when autumn came to Roanoke Island, the author describes it clearly as crisp, cool, and early, (pg. 110, paragraph 3). Summer was also described again clearly as especially hot and miserable, (pg. 132, paragraph 2). The S.C.I. point that relates most to this book is The Nature of Life is to Grow. In many of the chapters at least one of the characters grows in some way.

Discuss symbolism of death in `Don`t go gentle into the good night Essay

Dylan Thomas’ â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night† is arguably the most famous villanelle compose in English. The poem’s subject is death; more specifically, the death of Thomas’ own father. Critical interpretations of the poem uniformly praise the poem’s imagery and symbolism, while popular appraisals of the poem center around the poem’s simplicity of language and its easily memorable, repeated lines. Though technically restrained and simple from the standpoint of language and imagery, the poem creates complex tensions and associations by the changing emphasis of the repeated words and imagery. By causing the reader to read the same, repeated words, each time with a different emphasis on meaning and imagery, Thomas attained a depth and profundity in his villanelle which seems to take the form itself to an entirely new plane of expression. Part of Thomas’ extraordinary capacity to express deep themes in the villanelle form is derived from his capable use of symbolism throughout the poem. Because the poem is about death, the symbolic associations in the poem which are tied to Thomas’ conception of death provide the primary emphasis for the poem’s expression and tension. Merely by reading the title, the reader is furnished with Thomas’ first and most dynamic symbolic association with death — â€Å"That Good Night. † Death is symbolized by a â€Å"good night† which indicates both departure and (through logical progression) the eventual rising of the sun, or resurrection. The tension of the poem is squarely evoked, also, in the title with the verb â€Å"go† providing another symbolic association with death, that of motion, travel, departure and movement. Both associations, â€Å"good night† and â€Å"go† imply activity beyond death. So the admonition â€Å"do not go† by implying stasis, begins the central tension of the poem, right from the title. Lines 2 and 3 extend the symbolism of death into a more complex series of associations, one which includes overtly negative evocation â€Å"Old age should burn and rave at close of day;/ Rage, rage against the dying of the light. † Here death is symbolized by the â€Å"close of day† and as a â€Å"dying† light. The admonition to â€Å"not go† becomes an impassioned verb â€Å"Rage, rage† and also â€Å"burn and rave. † Though not explicitly stated, the connotation is that life = day, so death = night. By all logic night and day follow one another, of course, so life beyond death is implied in Thomas’ symbolic associations with death. Further symbolic association with death is made by Thomas use of blindness and sight to differentiate between the dead and the living. â€Å"Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight/ Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,† and again there is good reason to read sight and blindness as interchangeable states, with Thomas so implying that life and death are the same. Meanwhile, with each refrain of the poem, he implores â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night/ rage, rage against the dying of the light† and this is where the suspense and emotion of the poem are generated. The final symbolic association with death that is woven into the poem is Thomas’ use of the term â€Å"sad height. † These words imply heaven but also the grief of mortality in one unique phrase â€Å"And you, my father, there on the sad height,/Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray. † The suspense of the poem is broken, finally, by the refrain — which by now, the reader realizes cannot keep the subject of the poem (or anyone) from their appointed time with death. because the symbolic associations of the poem describe death as a both unknown but possibly beautiful and renewing state of being, the poem has sustained tension and ambiguity. Thomas crafted a poem which posited his subjective experience of his father’s death and his subjective associations with the consequences and realities of human mortality. The poem relies on symbolic associations of a universal and enduring nature to describe a complex interrelationship between life and death and the joy and despair of mortality. It is due to these associations that Thomas’ poem has become one of the most celebrated if not the most celebrated villanelle in English.

Surprise, Security, And The American Experience - 980 Words

Review of surprise, security, and the American experience There are a lot of things analyze the shifts in American foreign policy have been written before the famous day America lose it sense of security Sept 11. Thing like news reports, articles and books. Theses are some of those books :Rogue Nation, The Bubble of American Supremacy, Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State. There are some books who are against America that don t hesitate to compare it to evil countries like Germany during ww2. Then there are book that claim that the CIA was actually behind the 9/11 attacks. Then there is Surprise, Security, and the American Experience, a non bias attempt to analyze America foreign policy in its real context and without any unwanted criticism. The author is John Lewis Gaddis, a historian of the cold war, who taught at Ohio University and Yale. Now in Surprise, Security, and the American Experience, there were three big shifts in the history of united states foreign policy, each one was by a surprise attack on America. The first one happen when the British sacked Washington on August 24, 1814. This exposure of America led John Quincy Adams, as President, to come up with ways the U.S. Should define it self. Adams was aware of the fact that the United States had a lot of borders to defend,but only limited means with which to defend them. So Adams can up with the idea that the us should get as much land as possible to stop pirates and otherShow MoreRelatedSurprise, Security, and the American Experience Essay1800 Words   |  8 Pagesadministration quickly formulated a plan to maintain the nation’s sense of national safety and security. 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Womens Anti-Pass Law Campaigns in South Africa

The first attempt to make black women in South Africa carry passes was in 1913 when the Orange Free State introduced a new requirement that women, in addition to existing regulations for black men, must carry reference documents. The resulting protest, by a multi-racial group of women, many of whom were professionals (a large number of teachers, for example) took the form of passive resistance - a refusal to carry the new passes. Many of these women were supporters of the recently formed South African Native National Congress (which became the African National Congress in 1923, although women were not allowed to become full members until 1943). The protest against passes spread through the Orange Free State, to the extent that when World War I broke out, the authorities agreed to relax the rule. At the end of World War I, the authorities in the Orange Free State tried to re-instate the requirement, and again opposition built up. The Bantu Womens League (which became the ANC Womans League in 1948 — a few years after membership of the ANC was opened to women), organized by its first president Charlotte Maxeke, coordinated further passive resistance during late 1918 and early 1919. By 1922 they had achieved success — the South African government agreed that women should not be obliged to carry passes. However, the government still managed to introduce legislation which curtailed the rights of women and the Native (Black) Urban Areas Act No 21 of 1923 extended the existing pass system such that the only black women allowed to live in urban areas were domestic workers. In 1930 local municipal attempts in Potchefstroom to regulate womens movement led to further resistance — this was the same year that white women obtained voting rights in South Africa. White women now had a public face and a political voice, of which activists such as Helen Joseph and Helen Suzman took full advantage. Introduction of Passes for All Blacks With the Blacks (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952 the South African government amended the pass laws, requiring all black persons over the age of 16 in all provinces to carry a reference book at all times — thereby inforcing influx control of blacks from the homelands. The new reference book, which would now have to be carried by women, required an employers signature to be renewed each month, authorization to be within particular areas, and certification of tax payments. During the 1950s women within the Congress Alliance came together to combat the inherent sexism that existed within various anti-Aparthied groups, such as the ANC. Lilian Ngoyi (a trade unionist and political activist), Helen Joseph, Albertina Sisulu, Sophia Williams-De Bruyn, and others formed the Federation of South African Women. The prime focus of the FSAW soon changed, and in 1956, with the cooperation of the ANCs Womens League, they organized a mass demonstration against the new pass laws. Womens Anti-Pass March on the Union Buildings, Pretoria On 9 August 1956 over 20,000 women, of all races, marched through the streets of Pretoria to the Union Buildings to hand over a petition to JG Strijdom, South Africas prime minister, over the introduction of the new pass laws and the Group Areas Act No 41 of 1950. This act enforced different residential areas for different races and led to forced removals of people living in wrong areas. Strijdom had arranged to be elsewhere, and the petition was eventually accepted by his Secretary. During the march the women sang a freedom song: Wathint abafazi, Strijdom! wathint abafazi,wathint imbokodo,uza kufa! [When] you strike the women,you strike a rock,you will be crushed [you will die]! Although the 1950s proved to be the height of passive resistance against Apartheid in South Africa, it was largely ignored by the Apartheid government. Further protests against passes (for both men and women) culminated in the Sharpeville Massacre. Pass laws were finally repealed in 1986. The phrase wathint abafazi, wathint imbokodo has come to represent womens courage and strength in South Africa.

How to Reverse Puerto Ricos Crime Rate - 2538 Words

SOS-292, TESC Abstract This paper will explore how Puerto Rico can reverse and reduce their current murder rate. I have developed several recommendations to help the Puerto Rican authority’s achieve this goal. I base my recommendations on research conducted from books like the CIA world Fact Book, Preventing crime: what works for children, offenders, victims, and places, along with other websites, and my own personal experience as a military police officer. A man lies dead in the streets, blood trickling from his head, he lays motionless as a crowd begins to gather to see what happened. Around the corner on another city street the police are responding to more gunshots, only to arrive on†¦show more content†¦Additionally they are strapped with a police system that is plagued with corruption. As stated by Travel Safety Hub some believe the problem is related to a dilemma of â€Å"good cop, bad cop† were corrupt police officers profit in the way of bribes form the lucrative drug trade. Just as in the United States Puerto Rico is in a recession, making it even harder for police officers to ignore the temptation more attractive for some easy money. In all 100 local police officers have come under investigation and an additional 75 have been convicted for police corruption since 2003. Fortunately most of the crime has been center around the big cities and it is still safe in the smaller communities. Furthermore In order to fix this problem in Puerto Rico one of the first things I would do is hire and train a more competent police force. If needed I would completely overhaul the current police academy and structure it so the new officers who were completing training would have the best training, and newest tactics available. If needed I would have those who are going to train the new recruits receive the new training first. This would give the instructors a chance to learn the new material first prior to teaching it, and it would go a long way in establishing their credibility with the new recruits. I would also use current Puerto Rican officers to run

Tim Hortons Corporate Social Responsability Free Essays

Tim Hortons Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the company’s actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities and stakeholders. Tim Hortons understands well this concept and the importance of corporate social responsibility. Making a True Difference is the way Tim Hortons defines sustainability and responsibility and the overarching framework that brings together all of our programs and initiatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Hortons Corporate Social Responsability or any similar topic only for you Order Now Making a True Difference helps guide us on our corporate social responsibility journey, supports our overall vision to be a quality leader across all sectors in Canada and sustain our mission to deliver superior quality products and services for our guests and communities. Making a True Difference initiative include the following programs to help individuals, communities and the planet: †¢Tim Hortons Children’s Foundation: The Foundation is a non-profit, charitable organization committed to providing a fun-filled camp environment for children from economically disadvantaged homes. Local Programs: Tim Hortons is proud to support local initiatives that make a difference like: Tim Hortons Smile Cookie, Free Summer Swimming, Timbits Minor Sports Program, Earn-a-Bike Program, Remembrance Day, etc. †¢Sponsorships: Tim Hortons believes in giving back to the communities by participating in events, such as community festivals, or partnering with groups, such as minor sports t eams, that are important to the community as a whole. Coffee Partnership: The overall vision of the Tim Hortons Coffee Partnership is to help build sustainable coffee communities by supporting coffee farmers in key areas that will improve their coffee business and their lives. †¢Aboriginal Relations: Tim Hortons have been working on implementing a meaningful, structured and long-term partnership with the Aboriginal community. †¢Animal Welfare at Tim Hortons: Animal welfare is an important issue to Tim Hortons and all its stakeholders, including Restaurant Owners, suppliers, investors and guests. The company considers animal welfare to apply to all aspects of animal care of the farm animals within the supply chain †¢Waste Reduction: Tim Hortons promotes waste reduction through various in-store programs and continues to create awareness about the environment, litter, and the importance of keeping the neighborhoods clean. Tim Hortons CSR programs Achievements: †¢Tim Horton Children’s Foundation (THCF) welcomed 13,414 campers in 2011. †¢In 2011, THCF gave out 243 bursaries for post-secondary education worth $600,000 to graduates of the Youth Leadership Program. †¢Approximately $9. million was raised on Camp Day in 2011, benefitting the THCF. †¢$16 million invested in community initiatives across Canada and the United States. †¢Smile Cookie program raised $4 million for local charities across Canada and the United States. †¢Developed and implemented programs and initiatives within the Education, Employment, Empowering Youth and Economic D evelopment pillars of â€Å"Horizons† – Tim Hortons Aboriginal Relations Program †¢The number of restaurants diverting our hot beverage cups and other paper packaging increased by 22 per cent in 2011 to more than 800 restaurants †¢Achievement of a 6. percent increase in fuel efficiency of the company’s distribution fleet since 2008. †¢9% reduction in water consumption at our corporate buildings in 2011 compared to our baseline year of 2008. †¢Animal Welfare Policy was revised and commitment made to source one per cent of system-wide eggs from enriched-cage hen housing systems as well as to encourage the pork industry to move away from using gestation crates over time. How to cite Tim Hortons Corporate Social Responsability, Papers

Research Undertaken On Kellogg Company- Click for free Solution

Question: Describe about A research is undertaken on Kellogg Company ? Answer: Introduction A research is undertaken on Kellogg Company and the current and future potential of the strategies being pursued by it is studied. The methodology in the research analysis involves five main approaches (Kuada). First, a financial analysis is made on the financial reports of the firm. This analysis is made by comparing it with the performance of the previous year as well as through comparison with its immediate competitor- General Mills Inc.(Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield). Second, an external analysis is made on the firm using the PESTLE analysis and Porters five forces model(Weil and Francis). Third, the internal analysis of the firm is made through a value-chain analysis, resource-based analysis and SWOT analysis. Fourth, the strategies unique to Kellogg company are analyzed and recommendations given regarding future strategies that the management should take (Jiambalvo). Finally, the research is concluded with alternatives of specific strategic actions from the study undertaken History Kelloggs was started by the Kellogg brothers in 1906. It became the worlds leading manufacturer in cereal breakfast. It has manufacturing plants in Asia, UK, Australia, Canada and Latin America. Their wide cereal ranges of products include Kelloggs Corn Flakes, Special K, Rice Krispies, Fruit nFibre and Nutri-Grain cereal bars. Financial Analysis to assess a companys health Financial ratios show comparisons between specific information from the income statement and balance sheet of the company. Comparing the financial performance of Kellogg to the previous year helps to identify problems in the firm which helps management to take strategic decisions. The percentage change is calculated by finding the difference between the current year and the previous year and dividing it by the previous year (Tracy). Financial Analysis Over Time Table 1 Financial Analysis over Time Kellogg Co Current Year 2015 (In $) Prior Year 2014 (In $) % Change Income Statement Sales 13.53B 14.58B -7.23 Gross Profit 4.68B 5.06B -7.5 Selling, General and Admin Expense 3.09B 1.02B 202.9 Net Income 614M 632M -2.8 Balance Sheet Cash 251M 443M -43.3 Inventory 1.25B 1.28B -2.43 Other Current Assets 391M 342M 14.38 Total Assets 15.27B 15.15B 0.79 Current Liabilities 5.74B 4.36B 31.65 Long-term Debt 5.29B 5.94B -10.9 Total Liabilities 13.13B 12.3B 6.75 Retained Earnings 6.6B 6.69B -1.35 Shareholders Equity 2.14B 2.85B -24.9 Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 0.56 0.77 Quick Ratio 0.35 0.47 Cash Ratio 4% 10% Profitability Ratios Gross Margin 0.35 0.35 Operating Margin 0.08 0.07 Net Profit Margin 0.06 0.06 ROE% 24.97 19.96 ROA% 4.04 4.13 EPS 1.74 1.76 Dividend per share 1.98 1.90 Source: Amigobulls(Amigiobulls) From Table 1, we analyze the financial performance of Kellogg by comparing the present year with its previous year performance In the income statement, the sales have decreased by 7.23% as competitors are capturing consumers of Kellogg. The selling, general and administrative expenses have doubled due to higher salary and high advertising expenses. Kellogg has to improve its sales and decrease costs, though the net income shows only a marginal decrease of 2.8% (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt). In the balance sheet, cash at hand has decreased significantly by 43.3% while inventory change is mild. However the total assets have not changed much. The current liabilities have also increased significantly while shareholders' equity has declined. The total liability has increased slightly while retaiing earnings have declined marginally(Gibson). This shows that liabilities are increasing and assets are decreasing when compared to the previous year in Kellogg The quick ratio and the current ratio below 1 shows that the ability of the firm to meet its short term obligations is decreasing, which does not speak well of the profitability of the business(Vandyck). The gross profit margin and the net profit margin are the same which show that there is no growth in the company and management inefficiency. The ROE has increased over time showing that the market value of the equity share has improved showing good performance of equity capital (Beccalli and Poli) Return on assets which show the efficiency and profitability of the business has marginally decreased. This tells that the assets available for generating income have come down to show the efficiency of management has also come down marginally(Palmer). The Earnings per share (EPS) which helps to assess the profits available per share is also marginally down and dividend per share is also down(Murthy and Gurusamy). Financial Health in comparison with competitor Table 2 Financial health of Kellogg in comparison with its closest competitor- General Mills Inc. (GIS) 2015 Case Firm Kellogg (in $) % Closest Competitor(s) GIS (in $) % Income Statement Sales 13.53B 100% 17.63B 100% Gross Profit 4.68B 34.58 5.95B 33.74 Selling, General and Administrative Expenses 3.59B 26.53 3.87B 21.95 Net Income 614M 4.53 1.53B 8.67 Balance Sheet Cash 251M 1.64 334.2M 1.52 Receivables 1.34B 8.77 1.39B 6.32 Inventory 1.25B 8.19 1.54B 7.01 Total Current Assets 3.24B 21.21 3.79B 17.25 Total Assets 15.27B 100 21.96B 100 Total Current Liabilities 5.74B 43.71 4.89B 29.52 Total Liabilities 13.13B 100 16.57B 100 Retained Earnings 6.6B 308 11.99B 222 Shareholders Equity 2.14B 100 5.39B 100 Source: Morning Star(MorningStar) The income statement compared to sales, shows that GIS has a bigger turnover in sales. The gross profits are almost the same, but the net income is double that of Kellogg as its expenses are less than that of Kellogg (Nasdaq). The Balance Sheet shows that GIS has a high asset figure, though its current assets and receivables are lower than Kellogg. The current liabilities of GIS are almost half of Kellogg. This shows that Kellogg is underperforming due to consumers switching brands and purchasing from its competitors. Table 3 Financial Ratios for Case firm and closest competitor for 2015 Ratio Case Firm Kellogg Co Closest Competitor(s) GIS Current Ratio 0.56 0.81 Quick Ratio 0.35 0.52 Debt-to-equity Ratio 6.17 1.44 Debt-to-total Assets Ratio 50.83 38.11 Inventory Turnover(TTM) 6.88 7.09 Total Asset Turnover 0.89 0.78 Gross Profit Margin 0.35 0.34 Net Profit Margin 0.45 0.50 Return on Assets 4.02 8.42 Return on Equity 28.85 34.88 Source: Market Watch (MarketWatch) On analysis of the ratios the profitability ratios (current and quick ratios) show better performance though both are below the required level of 1. Both firms are not able to meet financial obligations, though GIS shows better performance than Kellogg. The debt to equity is better in GIS, while debt to assets show poor performance as debts surpass assets in both firms. The gross profit and net profit margin are on the same footing while the return on equity is good in both firms. The return on assets is marginally better in GIS when compared to Kellogg. External Analysis of Kellogg The external analysis of Kellogg is studied through a general study of the environment through the PESTLE analysis and Porters Five Forces Strategies to look into the industry dynamics. General environment Kellogg Company sells its products in 180 countries. As a global food company, its main objective is to nourish families with breakfast foods, snacks and frozen meals through its array of taste preference and dietary needs(Kellogg). PESTLE Analysis The PESTEL analysis helps to identify macro-environmental forces that affect the business such as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and environmental factors to identify key factors (Baxter). Political: The U S have drawn new reforms for obese children with focus on cereal products intake(Helpisch). Economical The financial downturn has deteriorated the financial supply in the hands of the people thereby affecting the food market. The increasing unemployment rate, decreasing GDP, increasing inflation rate and low rate of the dollar has decreased sales while increasing competition. Social: With importance given to health and nutrition, intake of cereal foods is on the increase. The obesity factor -among children and adults has also improved, the demand for light food.. Technological: Increasing costs for RD as well as advertisement has decreased the profits made by firms. Recycled packaging are more in demand with environment-friendly consumers. Legal: The American Health Association has increased the number of health claims among the American citizens. Price war due to globalization (need for standardized food) and competition has its impact on the industry. Environmental: Recyclable packages and ecological packagings have increased costs. Demand has increased with demand for natural and fiber foods(Taylor)(Johnson) Porters Five Forces Michael E Porter developed a strategic approach to assess various competitive forces that affects a firm and provided a model to formulate strategies that can raise barrier forces and take advantage of these forces. He identifies these forces as (Michael): Competition: The industry has many large competitors such as General Mills Inc., Kraft. Price competition is high and intense with each firm trying to capture the market Substitution: The cereal industry has many substitutes due to private labels which are available at cheaper rates. Threat of Entry Barriers to entry is high as it involves high capital expenditure; access to distribution channels is tough and brand loyalty is high The bargaining power of buyers: The cereal industry has a low buying power and does not influence the buying market The bargaining power of suppliers: With private labels, products are available at cheaper rates from suppliers who are agricultural producers of cereals(Porter and Norton, Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers) . Internal Analysis of Kellogg1. The primary goal of managers is to identify the strength and weakness of the firm along with the external opportunities and threats. The internal analysis of Kelloggs is done by Value-chain analysis Resource-based view on the firm SWOT Analysis Fujii) Value Chain Analysis: This analysis helps to understand the cost position and identify multiple means to facilitate implementation of a chosen business-level strategy (Porter and Norton, Using Financial Accounting Information: The Alternative to Debits and Credits)(Tybout and Calder, Kellogg on Marketing). Two activities involved are: Primary Activities Inbound Logistics The quality of the product is maintained by having good suppliers who also deal with the manufacturing, packaging and transport of services. Operations As Kellogg has a global market, it has an office in each country in which it function which can transform its raw materials into finished products ready for sale Outbound Logistics The end product has to reach the consumer, and this is done through a multi-layer channel system. Marketing Sales Kellogg has achieved brand loyalty with consumers identifying its products Steps to increase brand awareness are also taken Service: Providing consumer service through good products according to customers taste and environment friendly packages are services done for the consumer Support Activities Firm Infrastructure: Kellogg has satisfied its customers by providing various services that suits it customers and the organization. Services offered are quality product that cater to taste and preference of consumers, quality control measures, good internal control, etc. Human Resource Management Performance measures are made to develop healthy competition and bring in better staff performance Merit rewards are awarded to motivate employees Kellogg Business Leaders Model has helped in the quality of staff performance and progress of the company Kelloggs recruits staff on an international basis giving preference to staff quality Training for individual career performance helps in better attitude of the staff Technology Development With consumers becoming more health conscious, RD expenditure on nutrition and health is high Special cereals for men is the new product developed Procurement As competition is high with price-wars, costs of raw-material purchase has to be economical Resource-based Analysis The resources of Kellogg Company are tangible, intangible and capabilities. Tangible resources are resources that are clearly visible. Kellogg has its outlets at strategic location and specifically trained employees as its strength, though workers are available at low salaries to competitors Intangible resources are resources that are not visible, but gained through its good reputation, high brand image, quality products and value of the company. It has built a sustainable competitive advantage which would be difficult to replicate. Capabilities such as innovative capabilities and marketing capabilities help to transform enterprises to achieve company performances. SWOT Analysis The SWOT Analysis is a simple planning tool. If used correctly, the managers can develop a smart marketing plan that serves as a catalyst for proper planning. However, it is criticized because it does not give serious consideration to the issues and is considered as a sterile academic exercise that classifies information and data(Ferrell and Hartline) . Strength It is a leading fiber brand in the market It follows a high corporate social responsibility and environment awareness It has computerized warehousing(Baran and Galka) Weakness Awareness about the brand is weakening Advertising investment is high as it has limited scale Inner health is the new concept that consumers prefer to fiber food Opportunities People are interested in healthy food There is a boom in the baby market as well as in consumers over the age of 55 Internet advertising Threats It faces competition from General Mills and Kraft Consumers prefer the taste with nutrition Private label growth(Dranove and Marciano) Strategies of Kellogg and strategies of competitors Competing Firms in the Food Processing Industry Some of the competitors of Kellogg are General Mills Inc. (GIS), Cascadian Farms, Kraft and store brand cereals. However, its biggest competitor is General Mills. Health consciousness, population growth rate, price of raw materials and grains, per capita disposable income Kellogg is a leading manufacturer of ready to eat cereal as well as convenience goods. It holds 34.2% market in cereal foods in the US. It has posted consistent net profit and sales revenue . Kraft Foods Inc. is a large beverage and food company in North America. It is also the second largest in the world. After acquiring Cadbury in 2010, Kraft has strong revenue and operating profit earnings in all snack segments. General Mills are global food manufacturers selling consumer foods through retail stores. They supply to baking industries and food services Kellogg: Firm under Study Strategic Intent The mission statement is to drive sustainable growth through the power of our people and brands by better serving the needs of our consumers, customers and communities. Its vision is to be the food company of choice. Kellogg Company is a long-time industry leader in marketing and innovation. The value statement is we build great brands and make the world a little happier by bringing our best to you It is the global leader in its production of cereals, crackers, cookies, toaster pastries, fruit-flavored snacks, veggie foods and frozen waffles. Its brand includes KelloggsKeebler, Eggo, Pop-Tarts, Mini-Wheats, Nutri-Grain, Rice Krispies, Famous Amos, Austin, Sandies, Murray, Bear, Gardenburger, Monringstar Farms and Stretch Island (Johnson). Strategic Organization The board of directors has assistance from three committees: the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee. Kellogg has a multi-divisional organization structure. It gives autonomy to its local units to function within the overall values and goals of the headquarters (Gupta, Gollakota and Srinivasan). Corporate Strategies To have sustainable growth by introducing a nutritious product, improving brand name and packaging To grow its cereal market and expand in snacks To have realistic targets(Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson). Marketing Strategies With breakfast cereal sales sliding in the US, cereal makers are using various strategies to reclaim their business. Kellogg, which is the worlds largest cereal producer is using new tactics on its old brand such as Disney Frozen-themed cereal and Special K Protein. New product lines are also introduced that includes granola and muesli cereals. General Mills, makers of iconic cereals like Lucky Charms, Wheaties and Cheerios is taking steps to eliminate artificial color and flavor from 90% of its cereals by 2016. Products like Reeses Puffs and Cocoa Puffs and Trix will be the first to be introduced with artificial ingredients by the end of this year- 2016. Kraft also excludes preservatives and synthetic color from its cheese and macaroni(DiPierro). Competitive Advantage No threat of new entrants: As a well-established brand with cereal as an established product, Kellogg does not face threat from new entrants Employees: Kellogg Company has its employees as its competitive advantage. Mr.Kellogg realized that employees were the key to his success and hence provided the right working environment for his employees. Success came with successful employees. Farm Power: The customers of Kelloggs are wholesalers as they decide if they are going to sell Kelloggs cereals in their stores. However, the power of Kelloggs is their contact with farmers directly which provides raw-materials from the farm to the firm (Johnson). Website: Kellogg Company manages its website well to keep a watch over the external environement. 6Specific Strategic Actions Kellogg owes its success to knowledge management, which involves identifying consumer preference and taste; translating these preferences into products; linking these products to its brand equity, reinvigorating its brand equity and maintains the interest of children. Dont Change Anything Foundational functional resources and capabilities: This is founded on its link to agricultural growers and mills. By maintaining this contact, it can get its raw material (cereals) at low rates that will bring down costs. Branded servicing and operations will help to keep its competitors away. The focus can also be given to acquire organic cereals to cater to health conscious consumers and to keep up with competitors(MccGuigan, Moyer and Harris). Creative marketing and innovative R D have helped Kellogg to keep up its standard of new products that customers taste and prefer. Kellogg can improve its advertising campaigns through quality benchmarks- to bring familiarity to its product to its customers. It can also rely on cartoon spokespersons in its advertising campaign to capture demand for its brand(Iacobucci) Strategies that should be improvise upon Human resources: Maintaining highly committed employees through training and development(Henry) Supply Chain: Acquiring diverse and the very best in the supplier base RD: By following the principle of pioneer and not follower, it can lead the market Finance: High growth with high returns should be its objective Social Betterment: Focus on stockholder value, customer relations and work for societal betterment Customers: Wal-Mart is one of the top five customers of Kellogg, accounting for one-fourth of its revenue. Kellogg has to strive to get new customers and also look into providing new products to its aging customers (Tybout and Calkins, Kelloggs on Branding: The Marketing Faculty of The Kellogg School of Management). Changes Needed Kellogg has acquired a name for monopolizing the market and overpricing. By restructuring its price strategy through reduced costs, it can capture a wider market. Strategic recommendations for Kellogg To increase advertisement and attract Generation Z who have more customer loyalty To expand its snack catalogue to all age groups, especially targeting men who are becoming more health conscious Conclusion The company analysis on Kellogg has been undertaken through this research study through financial analysis, internal and external analysis through individual analysis by comparison with its competitors and with previous year performance. To an investor, the stock cannot be recommended for investment currently, though it can be kept in the watch list. There are companies in the same sector that can be invested in. Though it is a great company, it is not a good stock to invest in. To investors, strategies that have to be continued and new strategies to be implemented are given. Works Cited Amigiobulls. "Amigobulls stocks." 24 March 2016. Amigobulls. 27 March 2016 https://amigobulls.com/stocks/K/balance-sheet/annual. Baran, Roger and Robert Galka. CRM: The Foundation of Contemporary Marketing Strategy. London: Routledge, 2013. Baxter, Taylor F. Newbies Guide to Pestle Analysis. New York: CreateSpace Independent Publishers, 2015. Beccalli, Elena and Federica Poli. Bank Risk, Governance and Regulation. 2015: Palgrave Macmillan, New York. DiPierro, Amy. "General Mills, Kellogg's Battle to Reclaim Breakfast Tables." The Street 6 23 2015: 1-5. Dranove, David and Sonia Marciano. Kellogg on Strategy:Concepts, Tools, and Frameworks for Practitioners. Vol. 2. Daryaganj: Wiley India (P) Ltd., 2007. Ferrell, O C and Michael D Hartline. 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